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Roger I (–1101 Mileto), called Roger Bosso and The Great Count, was the Norman Count of Sicily from 1071 to 1101. == Conquest of Calabria and Sicily == (詳細はTancred of Hauteville by his second wife Fredisenda.〔Detlev Schwennicke, ''Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten'', Neue Folge, Band II (Marburg, Germany: J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafeln 205-206〕 Roger arrived in Southern Italy in the summer of 1057.〔Edmund Curtis, ''Roger of Sicily and the Normans in lower Italy, 1016-1154'' (London; New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons; The Knickerbocker Press, 1912), p. 57〕 The Benedictine monk, Geoffrey Malaterra, who compares Robert Guiscard and his brother Roger to "Joseph and Benjamin of old," said of Roger: "He was a youth of the greatest beauty, of lofty stature, of graceful shape, most eloquent in speech and cool in counsel. He was far-seeing in arranging all his actions, pleasant and merry all with men; strong and brave, and furious in battle."〔Galfredus Malaterra; Kenneth Baxter Wolf, ''The deeds of Count Roger of Calabria and Sicily and of his brother Duke Robert Guiscard'' (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005), p. 15〕 In 1057 he shared the conquest of nearly all of Calabria excepting Reggio with his brother Robert.〔 For a time Roger lived like a bandit in his castle of Scalea, near Cosenza.〔 In a treaty of 1062, the brothers divided the conquest so that each was to have half of every castle and town in Calabria.〔Edmund Curtis, ''Roger of Sicily and the Normans in lower Italy, 1016-1154'' (London; New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons; The Knickerbocker Press, 1912), p. 65〕 Roger had first thought of conquering Sicily when he and his brother conquered Calabria.〔Galfredus Malaterra; Kenneth Baxter Wolf, ''The deeds of Count Roger of Calabria and Sicily and of his brother Duke Robert Guiscard'' (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005), p. 17〕 At the time, it was ruled by Muslims and the population was mostly Greek Byzantine Christians. The Arab princes had become all but independent of the sultan of Tunis. In May 1061 the brothers crossed from Reggio and captured Messina.〔 After they took Palermo in January 1072, Robert Guiscard, as suzerain, invested Roger as Count of Sicily.〔Edmund Curtis, ''Roger of Sicily and the Normans in lower Italy, 1016-1154'' (London; New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons; The Knickerbocker Press, 1912), p. 68〕 Robert retained Palermo, half of Messina, and the north-east portion (the Val Demone).〔 Not till 1085, was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete.〔''Roger II of Sicily: Rex, Basileus, and Khalif? Identity, Politics, and Propaganda in the Cappella Palatina'', Karen C. Britt, Mediterranean Studies, Vol. 16, (2007), 23. JSTOR〕 Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of Calabria to his uncle in 1085, and in 1091 his inheritance in Palermo. Roger's rule in Sicily became more absolute than that of Robert Guiscard's in Italy. In addition, due to immigration by Lombards and Normans, Latin Christianity gradually replaced that of the Greek Byzantine tradition. At the enfeoffments of 1072 and 1092, no great undivided fiefs were created. The mixed Norman, French and Italian vassals all owed their benefices to the count. No feudal revolt of importance arose against Roger. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Roger I of Sicily」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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